Reference
From Chains of Reason
This section provides introductory articles on the key concepts in reasoning.
See also Reason quotations.
Contents |
Basic reasoning concepts
- Arguments, premises and conclusions
- Deduction
- Induction
- Validity and soundness
- Invalidity
- Consistency
- Fallacies
- Refutation
- Axioms
- Definitions
- Certainty and probability
- Tautologies, self-contradictions and the law of non-contradiction
Further reasoning concepts
- Abduction
- Hypothetico-deductive method
- Dialectic
- Analogies
- Anomalies and exceptions that prove the rule
- Intuition pumps
- Logical constructions
- Reduction
- Thought experiments
- Transcendental arguments
- Useful fictions
Concepts for assessing reasoning
- Alternative explanations
- Ambiguity
- Analogy, argument by
- Bivalence and the excluded middle
- Category mistakes
- Ceteris paribus
- Circularity
- Conceptual incoherence
- Counterexamples
- Criteria
- Error theory
- False dichotomy
- Genetic fallacy
- Horned dilemmas
- Hume's Fork
- Is/ought gap
- Leibniz's law of identity
- Masked man fallacy
- Ockham's razor
- Paradoxes
- Partners in guilt
- Principle of charity
- Question-begging
- Reductios
- Redundancy
- Regresses
- Saving the phenomena
- Self-defeating arguments
- Sufficient reason
- Testability
Other reasoning resources
Other Wikis
- Wikipedia - For information on any topic - including topics related to reasoning: Reasoning, Reason, Rationality, Logic, Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning.
- Wikireason - Another wiki for presenting reasoning.
- POV Wiki - Another wiki for presenting reasoning.
- Debatepedia - A wiki for presenting both sides of public policy debates.
- LogicWiki - On the subject of formal logic, a branch of philosophy.
Other non-wiki sites
- RichardDawkins.net - the official website of Richard Dawkins - evolutionary biologist, prominent atheist, and advocate of reason (includes active forum).
Related books
Books by philosophers
- The Philosopher's Toolkit, by Julian Baggini and Peter Fosl.
- Thinking from A to Z, by Nigel Warburton.
- Bad Thoughts, by Jamie Whyte.
Books by scientists
- How We Know What Isn't So, by Thomas Gilovich.
- Inevitable Illusions, by Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini.
